Implications of Solar Wind Disturbances on Forbush Decrease
This study investigated the role of solar wind disturbances on variations in cosmic ray intensity.
To conduct the study, use was made of the data on cosmic rays from the SOPO, CLMX, and
MOSC neutron stations, as well as solar wind speed data from 2000 to 2005. The source
Forbush decrease (FD) dates were generated from onset journal publications, specifically the
FD list of Dumbovi ?c et al., (2011). The manual method of FD selection was used to identify
FDs. The FD dates, computed magnitudes, and solar wind speed data were recorded and
presented. From the study, FDs were generated, some of which were of the same date as those
in the source table, while others were not observed in the source table. FDs not observed in the
source table were generated and catalogued by this research. It was also observed that the
magnitude of FDs generally depends on the coordinates of the observing neutron stations. A
strong correlation with a value of cc = 0.93 was observed between FDs of SOPO and MOSC
stations, followed by FDs of CLMX and MOSC stations of value cc = 0.89, and lastly, FDs of
SOPO and CLMX stations of value cc = 0.74. This implies that observed FDs from neutron
stations are coordinate-dependent. The correlation between FD magnitudes and solar activities
shows that solar wind had a high and significant correlation with FD magnitude to the tune of
cc = 0.54. Based on the findings, the study concludes that solar wind disturbances play a crucial
role in causing a sharp decrease in the intensity of cosmic rays known as Forbush decrease.